Introduction to electronic and electrical components
Resistor ❘ Capacitor ❘ Transistor ❘ Integrated circuit ❘ Breaker ❘ Relay ❘ Switch ❘ Diode ❘ Quartz oscillator
A resistor is primarily used in circuits to reduce direct current voltage, perform voltage division, or adjust voltage levels, making it a passive component. Simply put, it is the resistance encountered by the flow of electric current. Resistors convert energy into heat, thereby performing specific functions through this dissipation process.
Generally, resistors are made from conductive or semiconductor materials and have a potential difference between their ends. They are classified into two main types based on their usage:
Variable Resistors: These resistors have an adjustable resistance value. In analog circuits, adjusting to meet specific design specifications can be challenging. However, to ensure precision, the deviations of constants must be locally limited, necessitating the use of variable resistors during this adjustment process.
Fixed Resistors: These resistors have a constant resistance value that cannot be adjusted.
Resistor color codes are classified as follows:
| Color | Black | Brown | Red | Orange | Yellow | Green | Blue | Violet | Gray | White | Gold | Silver | No color |
| Meaning | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ±5% | ±10% | ±20% |
- M83401 Resistor Networks
Capacitor, also known as a capacitance, is an electronic component designed to store electric charge. It is a passive element characterized by two conductive surfaces separated by an insulating material or dielectric (such as air, paper, mica, glass, plastic film, or oil). This configuration impedes the flow of direct current while allowing limited alternating current to pass (depending on the capacitance and the frequency of the alternating current). In computing, capacitors find widespread application in storing charge, such as on power supplies or storage cells in dynamic memory.
A capacitor with a capacitance of 1 farad can store 1 coulomb of charge under a potential difference of 1 volt. However, in practical applications, a farad is a large unit of capacitance; typical capacitors have values in the microfarad range (10^-6 farads).
- M49467 Capacitor, High Voltage
- M83421 Capacitor, Hermetically Sealed
- High-voltage capacitor
In a broad sense, a device with three or more electrodes, typically found within semiconductor crystals, utilizes the movement and interaction of electrons, holes, or both, among these electrodes to achieve amplification, oscillation, and other electrical characteristics.
♦Introduction to integrated circuit
Embedded within a semiconductor substrate, diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and other active and passive circuit elements, combined in an inseparable manner into a compact structure, are termed as integrated circuits. Originating from the Bell Laboratories in 1948, with the rapid advancement of technological prowess, integrated circuits have witnessed a continuous increase in integration density, speed, functionality, and product diversity. Consequently, a plethora of products of equivalent value has emerged, leading to a wide spectrum of prices.
♦Introduction to breaker
Also known as a current switch, it operates when the current exceeds a certain threshold, serving as a protective measure for circuits. Its principle of operation involves the movement of contact pieces by electronic circuits, causing the contact terminals to separate from each other, thus interrupting the circuit intermittently.
- M27715 Circuit Breaker, Aircraft
- M39019 Circuit Breaker
- M55629 Circuit Breaker
- M83383 Circuit Breaker, Remote
♦Introduction to relay
Also referred to as electromagnetic devices, relays are components that utilize electrical contacts to drive or control devices connected to the same or other electrical circuits. There are open-type and sealed-type relays. Small relays and reed relays belong to the open type, while relay and mercury relays belong to the sealed type.
- M5757 Relay
- M6106 Relays
- M39016 Relays, Electromagnetic
- M83516 Relays, Reed
- M83536 Relays, Electromagnetic
- M83725 Relays, Vacuum
- M83726 Relays, Time Delay
Switches, also known as converters or circuit breakers, facilitate the safe opening and closing of power systems under normal or abnormal conditions. Depending on the magnitude of the current, switches come in various forms and types. Examples include wall switches for household use, electromagnetic switches (switch gear) for small motors, pole-mounted oil switches in distribution systems, and various types of circuit breakers for controlling high-power applications.。
- M3786 Switch, Rotary
- M3950 Switch, Toggle
- M6807 Rotary
- M7703 Guard, Switch
- M8805 Switch
- M8834 Switch, Toggle
- M9395 Switch, Pressure
- M9419 Switch,Toggle
- M12211 Switch, Pressure
- M12285 Switch, Thermostatic
- M13484 Switch, Sensitive
- M13625 Switch, Pull, Push
- M15291 Switch, Rotary
- M16032 Switch & Detectors
- M21604 Switch, Rotary
- M22710 Switch
- M22885 Switch, Push Button
- M24236 Switch, Thermostatic
- M28827 Switch, Hermetically
- M83504 Switch, DIP
- M83731 Switch,Toggle
♦Introduction to diode
Generally referred to as semiconductors with two terminals, exhibiting non-linear voltage-current characteristics between the two terminals, these devices are collectively known as diodes. They include highly sensitive diodes to light, radiation, and magnetic fields, such as Gunn diodes and avalanche diodes used in microwave applications.
♦Introduction to quartz oscillator
Quartz oscillators are crafted from precision-cut single crystals of quartz, tailored according to their intended use. These processed artifacts harness the inherent mechanical vibrations of quartz crystals and their piezoelectric properties. They serve to apply the stable oscillations of single-crystal quartz to generate and select electrical reference frequencies in electronic components.
